Abstract This article elucidates the meaning and indicators of restrictive measures applied to individuals who have committed domestic violence, as well as the peculiarities of their implementation during wartime conditions. Additionally, it provides a comparative legal characterization of restrictive measures in Ukraine in various jurisdictions based on the categorization of legal systems. The article provides the authors' interpretation of the "restrictive measures" concept, outlining its characteristics and types, and evaluating its efficacy in Ukraine.
Purpose – The article focuses on the freedom of speech as a basic principle in the activities of mass media against corruption. The attribute of every democratic and law-governed state is freedom of speech, that is, the ability to express their thoughts and beliefs freely. Ukraine is not an exception, for the right of freedom of thought and speech and free expression of ones' views and beliefs are guaranteed. The existence of an effective media system is the basis for implementing the principle of publicity in the activities of public administration and ensuring effective transparent oversight of its activities. Moreover, mass media play an important role in the political life of the country. Methodology/Approach/Design – The research is based on the methods of systemic and critical analysis. Findings – The ability of domestic journalists to be active participants in anti-corruption reforms is confirmed by many journalistic corruption investigations and high-profile disclosures, which led to the opening of criminal proceedings. ; Propósito - El propósito del artículo de centrarse en la libertad de expresión como principio básico en las actividades de los medios de comunicación contra la corrupción. El atributo de todo Estado democrático y gobernado por leyes es la libertad de expresión, es decir, la capacidad de expresar libremente sus pensamientos y creencias. Ucrania no es una excepción, ya que todos tienen garantizado el derecho a la libertad de pensamiento y expresión, la libre expresión de sus opiniones y creencias. La existencia de un sistema de medios efectivo en el estado es la base para implementar el principio de publicidad en las actividades de la administración pública y asegurar una fiscalización transparente y efectiva de sus actividades. Además, los medios de comunicación juegan un papel importante en la determinación de la vida política del país. Metodología / enfoque / diseño: la investigación se basa en los métodos de análisis sistémico y crítico. Hallazgos - La capacidad de los periodistas nacionales para participar activamente en las reformas anticorrupción se ve confirmada por muchas investigaciones de corrupción periodística y revelaciones de alto perfil, que en el futuro llevaron a la apertura de procesos penales. ; Objetivo - O objetivo do artigo é enfocar a liberdade de expressão como princípio básico nas atividades dos meios de comunicação de massa contra a corrupção. O atributo de todo estado democrático e governado por leis é a liberdade de expressão, ou seja, a capacidade de expressar seus pensamentos e crenças livremente. A Ucrânia não é uma exceção, uma vez que a todos é garantido o direito à liberdade de pensamento e expressão, à liberdade de expressão de suas opiniões e crenças. A existência de um sistema de mídia eficaz no estado é a base para a implementação do princípio da publicidade nas atividades da administração pública e para a garantia de um controle transparente e eficaz de suas atividades. Além disso, os meios de comunicação de massa desempenham um dos papéis importantes na determinação da vida política do país. Metodologia / abordagem / desenho - A pesquisa é baseada nos métodos de análise sistêmica e crítica. Conclusões - A capacidade dos jornalistas nacionais de serem participantes ativos nas reformas anticorrupção é confirmada por muitas investigações de corrupção jornalística e divulgações de grande visibilidade, que no futuro levaram à abertura de processos criminais. ; Objetivo - O objetivo do artigo é enfocar a liberdade de expressão como princípio básico nas atividades dos meios de comunicação de massa contra a corrupção. O atributo de todo estado democrático e governado por leis é a liberdade de expressão, ou seja, a capacidade de expressar seus pensamentos e crenças livremente. A Ucrânia não é uma exceção, uma vez que a todos é garantido o direito à liberdade de pensamento e expressão, à liberdade de expressão de suas opiniões e crenças. A existência de um sistema de mídia eficaz no estado é a base para a implementação do princípio da publicidade nas atividades da administração pública e para a garantia de um controle transparente e eficaz de suas atividades. Além disso, os meios de comunicação de massa desempenham um dos papéis importantes na determinação da vida política do país. Metodologia / abordagem / desenho - A pesquisa é baseada nos métodos de análise sistêmica e crítica. Conclusões - A capacidade dos jornalistas nacionais de serem participantes ativos nas reformas anticorrupção é confirmada por muitas investigações de corrupção jornalística e divulgações de grande visibilidade, que no futuro levaram à abertura de processos criminais.
Using an interpretative methodology, the objective of the research was to analyze the most complex and subjective principles of justice: the principle of the judge's internal beliefs at the time of decision making under a system of democratic checks and balances. Definitely, the judiciary is an important element in ensuring the protection of human rights and the legitimacy of the supremacy of the law. The rusting of the judiciary inevitably leads to the gradation of basic constitutional provisions on the essence of the rule of law, as well as fundamental rights and freedoms. The principles of justice play a fundamental role in the administration of justice. The correct construction of the given principles is the key to proper and application of the law in accordance with legal and ethical standards. In this sense, it is concluded that the internal beliefs of the judge as a person authorized to execute justice, must be impartial, objective, consistent and independent. At the same time, the formulation of his "internal beliefs" still allows for subjectivity, since the criteria for the evaluation of evidence by the Court are described without detailing or standardizing the requirements of the judicial process.
Given the peculiarities of Ukraine's geographical location and military conflicts in the east of the country, the harmful effects of smuggling on the economic development of the country are constantly increasing. The volume of smuggling amounts to about 209-311 billion grivnas. The article aims to identify the main determinants of smuggling in order to develop measures tailored to the needs of Ukrainian social development. In the article we have used various methods of scientific knowledge, which allowed us to enrich our research to make it more meaningful. Analysis of official statistics, examples of police practice, sociological and legal research allowed us to identify the main causes of smuggling in Ukraine. The authors conclude that, based on the selected determinants of smuggling in Ukraine, it is essential to give priority to the implementation of preventive measures, i.e. to prevent the conditions of its commission and also the resumption of criminal liability for commercial smuggling of goods. In addition, there is a need to design more and better public policies to minimize the conditions that enable the action of smuggling agents.
Today, sport is one of the most developed and highly profitable industries. According to various sources, the annual revenue of industry participants is estimated at at least $145 billion. The article analyzes the relevant international anti-corruption legal acts. We would like to emphasize that the adoption of these documents and the ratification of most of them is an important step in the fight against corruption in sport. At the same time, most of these international standards are aimed at combating corruption, that is, they offer active and punitive measures to combat it. Instead, the authors insist on the priority of preventive measures against corruption. The author's classified approach to measures to combat corruption in sport is proposed. It is concluded that the first step should be to combat corruption in international sports organizations. The effectiveness of anti-corruption measures in this area depends mainly on the transparency of their activities. Another area of corruption in sport is determined to be grassroots corruption. The oldest form of corrupt sport is that which arises spontaneously during competitions between two participants or two teams.
As a general rule, punishment should be necessary and sufficient to correct the person and re-educate him. At the same time, a punitive approach prevails in the criminal process in Ukraine. For criminal law, the introduction of the mediation institution determines the development of the legal institution of reconciliation. The article aims to characterize the essence of mediation in Ukraine and study foreign countries' best practices in this field. The object of the study is public relations in the field of mediation in the case of a minor committing a criminal offense or a felony for the first time. The subject of the study is mediation as an alternative to court proceedings in the case of a juvenile committing a criminal offense or a felony for the first time. The authors used some methods of scientific knowledge: analytical, phenomenological, generalization, comparative law. Particular attention in the study is paid to the analysis of the essence of punishment, the study of international experience in the use of mediation, and the practice of mediation in criminal proceedings in Ukraine, which currently takes place only as part of an experiment. The authors conclude that it is essential and urgent to use the mediation procedure more widely in criminal proceedings as an alternative to litigation. It is emphasized that the full implementation of this institution requires political will and broad support from civil society. Namely, his readiness to resolve disputes without a court, but only with the help of a mediator.
Based on expert estimates, 17% of corrupt practices are committed in this area, and the authors identify the leading causes of corruption in the educational sphere. The objective is the non-recognition of teachers and lecturers as subjects of criminal corruption offenses, low level of the labor expense, inventory, and logistics management discrepancy in educational institutions of different groups with modern educational methods. Subjective reasons include the mutual "benefit" of corrupt practices to all participants in the educational process; disenchantment with the profession due to burnout; certain aspects of mentality; the sense of impunity for blackmailing offenses and receiving gifts. Regarding scientific research methods, their branched complex and multilevel structure are proposed: philosophical, empirical research, methods of theoretical cognition: general logical methods, specific scientific methods. The principal means to combat corruption in the educational sphere is preventive increasing the level of labor expense in the academic sphere; improving the inventory and logistics management of the educational institutions at all levels and regions; avoiding the mutual "benefit" to all participants in the educational process and anti-corruption means (criminalization for all teaching and research-pedagogical staff for the commission of the criminal offense).
